Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Elizabeth 1 wore her coronation ring on her wedding finger as a sign of her symbolic marriage to her country and subjects. Elizabeth may have died from blood poisoning caused by the toxins in the heavy makeup she wore. Director: William K. Howard | Stars: Laurence Olivier, Flora Robson, Vivien Leigh, Raymond Massey Votes: 1,662 7. She is one of the successful Politician. The ensuing naval battle would go down as one of the most famous ones ever and ended with England’s defeat of the. She restored Anglicanism and ordered the beheading of Maria Stuart. She was the last ruler of England's House of Tudor, the second daughter of Henry VIII. Elizabeth, aged twenty-five, was now Queen of England. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! The Elizabethan era is named for her. She was born on September 7, 1533 in Palace Of Placentia. Repeated interrogations of Elizabeth and her servants led to the charge that even when his wife was alive Seymour had on several occasions behaved in a flirtatious and overly familiar manner toward the young princess. Elizabeth I was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. She was also called Good Queen Bess or the Virgin Queen or Gloriana. Elizabeth I was a long-ruling queen of England, governing with relative stability and prosperity for 44 years. Observers were repeatedly tantalized with what they thought was a glimpse of the interior, only to find that they had been shown another facet of the surface. She ascended to the throne in 1558 upon the death of her sister, Mary. She placed seventh in the 100 Greatest Britons poll, which was conducted by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 2002, outranking all other British monarchs. Henry had defied the pope and broken England from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in order to dissolve his marriage with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who had borne him a daughter, Mary. In 1558, Mary died without issue, and Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne. Elizabeth I, bynames the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess, (born September 7, 1533, Greenwich, near London, England—died March 24, 1603, Richmond, Surrey), queen of England (1558–1603) during a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the arts. Browse 116 elizabeth i of england stock illustrations and vector graphics available royalty-free, or search for queen elizabeth or queen to find more great stock images and vector art. She wasn’t popular with everyone, however. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set the central policies of both state and church. Elizabeth I Tudor, Queen regnant of England, was born 7 September 1533 in Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, England, United Kingdom to Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Anne Boleyn (c1505-1536) and died 24 March 1603 inRichmond Palace, Surrey, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. Elizabeth I, oil on panel by an unknown artist, 1550–99; in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Elizabeth was born on September 7, 1533 at Greenwich Palace to King Henry VIII of England and his second wife Anne Boleyn. In a charged atmosphere of treasonous rebellion and inquisitorial repression, Elizabeth’s life was in grave danger. Elizabeth I of England Fans Also Viewed . In January 1549, shortly after the death of Catherine Parr, Thomas Seymour was arrested for treason and accused of plotting to marry Elizabeth in order to rule the kingdom. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. Born in England. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. She ascended to the throne in 1558 upon the death of her older half-sister, "Bloody" Mary. Before Elizabeth reached her third birthday, her father had her mother beheaded on charges of adultery and treason. When Elizabeth was three years old, Henry had Anne beheaded and their marriage declared invalid, thus rendering Elizabeth an illegitimate child and removing her from the line of succession (to which Parliament would later restore her). The country now looked to … Fast Facts: Elizabeth ! The difficulty of her situation eased somewhat, though she was never far from suspicious scrutiny. Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. In England, Elizabeth is remembered with considerable affection. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A timeline of significant events in the life of Elizabeth I of England, popularly known as the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess. Elizabeth undertook her own campaign to suppress Catholicism in England, although hers was more moderate and less bloody than the one enacted by Mary. Handsome, ambitious, and discontented, Seymour began to scheme against his powerful older brother, Edward Seymour, protector of the realm during Edward VI’s minority. They reigned in a time that England was divided between Catholics and the emerging Protestantism.. Elizabeth contributed significantly to the cause of … She was the last queen … Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages, history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. It was a sustained lesson in survival through self-discipline and the tactful manipulation of appearances. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Elizabeth’s early years were not auspicious. Elizabeth I (Greenwich, 7 september 1533 – Richmond upon Thames, 24 March 1603) was Queen of England from 17 november 1558 until her death. English: Elizabeth I (1533-1603) was Queen of England, France (in pretence), and Ireland from 1558 to her death. Who Was Queen Elizabeth I? 不谈恋爱，那你可能是一个哲学家，一个女王，一个科学家，甚至一个作家……有人说，人世间最好的灵丹妙药便是恋爱。但是也有人说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓。你说孤零零的一个人活着有什么意思？选择单身，看似没错。, 一世的侍臣，第三代坎伯兰伯爵乔治克利福德凭借一身出色的马上比武技艺闻名宫廷。尽管出生于英格兰最北端，他将一生大多数时间都贡献在了宫廷之中。这副盔甲是格林尼治皇家盔甲工坊所作的精品之一，基本可以代表格林尼治一派工艺的最高水平。, 一世，最为纠结的一天：纠结是否要把她的表亲，被她囚禁已经近二十年的苏格兰流亡女王玛丽，送上死刑的刑场。说到这事，就得简单说说欧洲国家间，当时混乱得一团乱麻的关系。, 女王为“黄金时代”奋斗一生，将全部精力都放在富国强兵方面，以至于自己终身未嫁，临终前依然孑然一身，因此被称为“童贞女王”（The Virgin Queen）。, 很多王公贵族也向伊丽莎白一世求婚，她都没有答应，或许她原本就不打算结婚。不过，她将自己的真实想法遮得严严实实的，从不向各国王公贵族关上求婚的大门，而是点到为止，一直让这些人对联姻之事抱有希望。, 声明：百科词条人人可编辑，词条创建和修改均免费，绝不存在官方及代理商付费代编，请勿上当受骗。, 1558年3月，由于玛丽一世婚后长期无子，玛丽不得不接受伊丽莎白为自己的合法继承人，英国国会重申了, 伊丽莎白一世为人谨慎，她的座右铭是“我观看，而且我沉默”。她喜欢投资于昂贵的衣服和珠宝，她经常骑在马背上参观国家地区，而不是坐着马车参观。, 慎于荣誉的颁发和显职的授与也是她在位期间的特征。在将近四十五年里，在英格兰只授与八个贵族头衔：一个伯爵爵位、七个男爵爵位；在爱尔兰只授与一个, 在伊丽莎白一世的晚年，当她不得不确定她的继承人时，她越来越倾向她的侄孙，被她处死的, 伊丽莎白一世执政期间，英国专制王权和民族国家得到巩固，资本原始积累迅速发展，初步夺取了西班牙的海上霸权，这些都对英国历史产生了深远影响。, 伊丽莎白一世统治时期，是英国历史上的重要矛盾转折期：君主专权开始向议会主权转化；在封建经济形态中已萌生出, 伊丽莎白一世统治晚期，英国国内矛盾日益突出。长期战争使国家财政陷入新的危机。城乡人民反抗不断。, 伊丽莎白一世晚期，社会矛盾也反映在统治集团内部，1601年她不得不处死在伦敦谋反的宠臣, 伊丽莎白一世统治期间，实行开明宽容的政策使文学艺术大力发展，人文主义得到广泛传播。, 伊丽莎白女王基本上选择了对法国和解的政策。英国与西班牙的冲突来得较晚，却很激烈，特别在伊丽莎白统治晚期表现得最明显。, 它产生的时代背景是这样的，伊丽莎白一世即位后（1558―1603在位）面临的首要任务是处理遗留的宗教问题。她带领英国干脆利落地又转向了新教：在1559年，就很快颁布了新的《至尊法案》，重立英国国教，与罗马教廷决裂，重申英国国王为英国教会最高首领。, 1571年，她又促使国会通过作为英国国教会官方教义的《三十九信条》，最终确立了英国国教。作为《三十九信条》中的一项规定，英国国教会摒弃了天主教星期五不准吃肉（在天主教里，星期五不能吃肉，就吃鱼）的斋戒。《三十九信条》在英国历史上意义重大，它一直沿用到今天。, 英国的许多百姓为了表明自己的态度：站在伊丽莎白一世一边与天主教划清界线，他们的一项标志性的做法和口号是“星期五不吃鱼”。, “星期五不吃鱼”又缩略成“不吃鱼”。在伊丽莎白一世为正统的社会里，“不吃鱼”就成了一种与政府保持一致的标志，于是在英语中，“不吃鱼”就成了表示拥戴政府的行为，“不吃鱼的人”就成了“忠于政府的人”以至于成了“诚实可信的人”的同义词。. Elizabeth II. (Apparently, the king was undeterred by the logical inconsistency of simultaneously invalidating the marriage and accusing his wife of adultery.) During the reign of Elizabeth I, a young man's fervent devotion to the crown and to his sweetheart, a lady-in-waiting, lead him to battle for England's victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588. Elizabeth I of England (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England, Ireland, and nominal claimant to Queen of France from 17 November 1558 until she died in 1603. The admiration Elizabeth I garnered had a lot to do with her skills as a rhetorician and an image-maker, which she used to style herself as a magnificent female authority figure devoted to the well-being of England and its subjects above all else. Two months later, after extensive interrogation and spying had revealed no conclusive evidence of treason on her part, she was released from the Tower and placed in close custody for a year at Woodstock. Queen Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She carried the scars the rest of her life. Upon assuming the throne, Queen Elizabeth I restored England to Protestantism. Elizabeth I (Born Princess Elizabeth; September 7, 1533–March 24, 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603, the last of the Tudor monarchs. She spent much of the time with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife. Most Popular #2445. Her father, King Henry VIII, had Parliament annul his marriage to Elizabeth’s mother—his second wife, Anne Boleyn—thus making Elizabeth an illegitimate child and removing her from the line of succession (although a later parliamentary act would return her to it). Her guardian, the dowager queen Catherine Parr, almost immediately married Thomas Seymour, the lord high admiral. Elizabeth I (August 4, 1613 - January 1, 1637) became Queen of England and Ireland in August 4, 1613 and was officially crowned on December 28 at the age of 28. May 1995; Psychiatric Bulletin 19(5):307-308; DOI: 10.1192/pb.19.5.307. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Queen Victoria. Her father was Henry IX of England, though he had help in 1568 from Mary I of Scotland who had been forced to abdicate from Scotland, Mary … When she was told that Seymour had been beheaded, she betrayed no emotion. Consultant editor for the, Spanish Armada: Opening of the naval conflict. She was the second daughter of Henry VIII. Elizabeth's mother was Elisabeth of Austria, who died a year later due to smallpox. Français : Élisabeth I re (1533-1603) fut reine d'Angleterre, de France (seulement en titre) et d'Irlande de 1558 à sa mort. Still, she never married, perhaps because she preferred to keep power to herself. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Catholics weren’t happy that she restored England to Protestantism, while some Protestants felt she didn’t go far enough in purging Catholic elements from the Church of England’s doctrine. She has ranked on the list of those famous people who were born on September 7, 1533. Elizabeth I related to the Protestant states and fought against Spain. After a period of distressing reflection, she died on March 24 at Richmond Palace, aged 69, the oldest English Sovereign ever to have reigned; the mark was not surpassed until George II of Great Britain turned 70 in 1753; he would die in his seventy-seventh year in 1760. England experienced a steep rise in international power and importance, a flowering of culture, and the Age of Discovery. Under humiliating close questioning and in some danger, Elizabeth was extraordinarily circumspect and poised. Elizabeth proved to be one of the most popular monarchs in English or British history. For though, as her sister demanded, she conformed outwardly to official Catholic observance, she inevitably became the focus and the obvious beneficiary of plots to overthrow the government and restore Protestantism. Playwright. Elizabeth skillfully avoided doing anything that Mary might have used as grounds for her execution and, upon Mary’s death in 1558, went on to become one of England’s most illustrious monarchs. Queens. Elizabeth I of England Sep 7, 1533 - Mar 24, 1603 Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. James was formally crowned King of Scotland at the Church of the Holyrood, Stirling, on July 29, 1567. Corrections? Two of Elizabeth’s half-siblings sat on the throne after Henry’s death in 1547: Edward VI, who acceded at the age of nine and died six years later; and Mary I, who operated under the belief that Elizabeth was trying to seize power from her for the entirety of her own five-year reign. Arrested and sent to the Tower of London after Sir Thomas Wyatt’s rebellion in January 1554, Elizabeth narrowly escaped her mother’s fate. Updates? She has been called The Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess.Her reign was a great era in the history of England. Notable ancestors includeHenry II of England (1133-1189), William I of England … There is with Elizabeth a continual gap between a dazzling surface and an interior that she kept carefully concealed. Elizabeth I of England (Greenwich, 1533-Richmond, 1603). ... fig. Virgo Royalty #2. When Elizabeth was crowned monarch in 1558, her lack of a husband and heir became one of the defining issues for the remainder of her rule. The adulation bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not altogether a spontaneous effusion. She was queen from 17 November 1558 until she died in March 1603. Her reign was marked by immense growth for England, especially in world power and cultural influence. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mary I had died unpopular with her people and tormented by her own inability to produce an heir. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. Elizabeth I, bynames the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess, (born September 7, 1533, Greenwich, near London, England—died March 24, 1603, Richmond, Surrey), queen of England (1558–1603) during a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the arts. Queen #3. She was queen of England for almost 45 years. In reality, Elizabeth wasn’t interested in catering to either Protestantism or Catholicism, the zeal of both having the potential to disrupt the kind of law and order she was trying to establish. William Shakespeare. With her father’s death in 1547 and the accession to the throne of her frail 10-year-old brother Edward, Elizabeth’s life took a perilous turn. The emotional impact of these events on the little girl, who had been brought up from infancy in a separate household at Hatfield, is not known; presumably, no one thought it worth recording. What was noted was her precocious seriousness; at six years old, it was admiringly observed, she had as much gravity as if she had been 40. The latter half of the 16th century in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp. This is evident from the affectionate monikers she earned, her often (although not always) cordial relationship with Parliament, and the celebratory representations made of her in the art of her contemporaries—the character Gloriana in Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene being best known of these. Virgos. An issue that troubled her reign for its entirety was her lack of a husband and heir, a situation which she and others realized could potentially ignite a successional crisis upon her death. She never married and consciously styled herself as the Virgin Queen, wedded to the nation. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. portrait of elizabeth i (1533 – 1603), queen of england and ireland - elizabeth i of england stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Elisabeth I. During that time the country emerged as a major power in politics, commerce, and the arts. Queen. Queen Elizabeth I of England (Elizabeth Tudor; September 7, 1533–March 24, 1603) was one of the most influential English monarchs and the last Tudor ruler. He was nicknamed the Virgin Queen ElizabethsMaiden Queen (or Virgin Queen). Elizabeth re-established the Church of England and extended English influence in Scotland by supporting the Protestants. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603). Elizabeth survived threat of execution during the reign of her half sister. Elizabeth liked to give nicknames to her courtiers. She never married and had no children. Born on September 7 #8. Queen Elizabeth I’s right to the throne wasn’t always guaranteed. For the most part, Elizabeth I was a popular queen, both during and after her lifetime. After Henry’s death in 1547, two of Elizabeth’s half-siblings would sit on the throne: first the young Edward VI, who reigned for six years, and then Mary I (“Bloody Mary”), who reigned for five years. During James VI's early reign, power was held by a series of regents, the first of whom was James Stuart, 1st Earl of Moray, his mother's illegitima… In 1559 she concluded a treaty ending her sister's unfortunate war with France … Elizabeth I of England Popularity . She is variously remembered as The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, Good Queen Bess, and the Faerie Queene. In 2002 she came 7th in a poll conducted by the BBC to select the "100 Greatest Britons". Born in Greenwich, England #2. At birth, Elizabeth was heir … Elizabeth was buried in Westminster Abbey, immediately next to her sister Mary I. Her public image also suffered in the last decade of her reign, when England was pressed by issues including scant harvests, unemployment, and economic inflation. Her religious policies, such as the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity, went a lot further to consolidate the power of the church under her and to regularize the practice of the faith. Elizabeth engaged in a long series of diplomatic maneuvers against England's old enemy, France, and the new enemy, Spain, but for 30 years she managed to keep the country at peace. Since the king ardently hoped that Anne Boleyn would give birth to a male heir, regarded as key to stable dynastic succession, the birth of a second daughter was a bitter disappointment that dangerously weakened the new queen’s position. Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was the Queen of England and Ireland. Elizabeth I of England is best known as a Politician. One of her biggest trials—at least in the foreign policy realm—came when Spain tried to invade England in 1588. In 2005, in the History Channel documentary Britain's Greatest Monarch, a group of historians and commentators analysed twelve British monarchsand gave them overall marks out of 60 for greatness (they were marked out of 10 in six categories, such as milita… Many Protestants and Roman Catholics alike assumed that her self-presentation was deceptive, but Elizabeth managed to keep her inward convictions to herself, and in religion as in much else they have remained something of a mystery. It was the result of a carefully crafted, brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This attempt, along with her unpopular marriage to the ardently Catholic king Philip II of Spain, aroused bitter Protestant opposition. She was born at Greenwich Palace, the daughter of the Tudor king Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of diplomacy. Elizabeth survived a bout of smallpox, which killed many in England at the time. Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was the Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. This political symbolism, common to monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere figurehead. Moreover, at Henry’s instigation, an act of Parliament declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn invalid from the beginning, thus making their daughter Elizabeth illegitimate, as Roman Catholics had all along claimed her to be. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Elizabeth I of England Is A Member Of . She learned her lesson well. Everything in Elizabeth’s early life taught her to pay careful attention to how she represented herself and how she was represented by others. The need for circumspection, self-control, and political acumen became even greater after the death of the Protestant Edward in 1553 and the accession of Elizabeth’s older half sister Mary, a religious zealot set on returning England, by force if necessary, to the Roman Catholic faith. Explore {{searchView.params.phrase}} by color family {{familyColorButtonText(colorFamily.name)}} Elizabeth I of England. When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward, Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. 伊丽莎白一世被普遍认为是英国历史上最杰出的帝王之一。在她当政期间，英国的经济繁荣昌盛，文学璀璨辉煌，军事上曾击败西班牙无敌舰队。在她生活的时代英国国王不是名义上的角色，英国黄金时代… At a tender age, she lost her mother to execution for the latter’s inability to produce a male heir. This broke with the policy of her predecessor and half-sister, Queen Mary I, a Catholic monarch who ruthlessly tried to eliminate Protestantism from English society. Elizabeth I enjoyed hunting, dancing, and horseback riding well into her 60s. Suspicious that her half-sister would try to seize power, Mary placed Elizabeth under what amounted to constant surveillance, even jailing her in the Tower of London for a short period of time. Elizabeth was as famous a flirt as her mother, … Omissions? Elizabeth (1533-1603) was Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. Her association with the Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation, but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma. The rule of the Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Elizabeth. In fact, Elizabeth’s religious moderateness earned her the ire of some of the more radical Protestants, who were convinced that her reforms were inadequate for cleansing English society of what they saw as the vestiges of Catholicism. Elizabeth I fell ill in February 1603, suffering from frailty and insomnia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In deference to the religious beliefs of most of the Scots ruling class, he was brought up as a member of the protestant Church of Scotland and educated by men with Presbyterian sympathies. Elizabeth in 1560. The Latin inscription on their tomb translates to "Partners both in Throne and grave, here … When Elizabeth I took the throne in 1559 AD, England entered what many consider to be her Golden Age. Throughout the unhappy years of Mary’s childless reign, with its burning of Protestants and its military disasters, Elizabeth had continually to protest her innocence, affirm her unwavering loyalty, and proclaim her pious abhorrence of heresy. As the end of her life approached, she forestalled the successional crisis that might otherwise have arisen by designating King James VI of Scotland as the next in line to the throne. Religious questions and the fate of Mary, Queen of Scots, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-I, The National Archives - Elizabeth I's "Golden Speech", Spartacus Educational - Biography of Queen Elizabeth I, History Learning Site - Biography of Elizabeth I, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Queen Elizabeth I, The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of Elizabeth I, Heritage History - Biography of Elizabeth I, Royal Museum Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth I's speech to the troops at Tilbury, Elizabeth I - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Elizabeth I - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Queen Elizabeth I inherited several issues from the reign of her predecessor, Queen, The threat posed by the former subsided with the 1562 outbreak of the. 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